EDWARD THE THIRD |
KING EDWARD Edward III
(1312-77), Firstborn of Edward II and Isabel, daughter of Philip IV (Le
Beau) of France. King of England from 1327. |
EDWARD,
The Black Prince |
PRINCE Edward
(1330-76), firstborn of Edward III, Prince of Wales from 1343, became known
as the Black Prince from the color of his armour in his military exploits in
France. |
WARWICK |
WARWICK Thomas de
Beauchamp was Earl of Warwick in Edward III s time and one of the Knights
Founders of the Order of the Garter. He did not father the Countess of
Salisbury. |
DERBY |
Henry of Lancaster,
great-grandson of Henry III, was created Earl of Derby in 1337 and first
Duke of Lancaster in 1351, and was one of the Knights Founders of the Order
of theGarter. His daughter Blanche married the third son of Edward III, John
of Gaunt, who inherited the title of Lancaster at the death of the first
Duke in 1361. |
SALISBURY |
SALISBURY Sir William
Montague (Montacute) was created first Earl of Salisbury in 1337 (1.33
according to others) in recognition of his service against the Scots. He
died in 1344, but in the play he is made to survive and attributed the role
filled m history by Sir Walter de Manny (actually Walter Mauny, like the
historian Froissart a native of Hainault who was one of the first Knights of
the Garter and died in 1372. The Salisbury title was transferred to the
Neville family a century later, when Alice Montague married Richard Neville;
their son Richard, by marrying Anne Beauchamp, secured the title of Earl of
Warwick, and appears as 'king-maker' in 2 and 3 Henry VI. |
AUDLEY |
AUDI.EY Sir James
Audley (or Audeley) was a 'knight bachelor' who went to Normandy in 1346,
was a Knight Founder of the Order of the Garter, and distinguished himself
at the battle of Poitiers (1356). He was not old (as in the play) but a near
contemporary of the Black Prince. |
PERCY |
PERCY A forebear of the
first Earl of Northumberland who figures prominently in Richard II and 1 and
2 Henry IV, Henry Lord Percy was appointed in 1346, together with Ralph
Neville, Warden of the Realm of England while Edward III was engaged in the
war in France. |
LODWICK |
|
Sir WILLIAM MOUNTAGUE |
Montague Son of the
sister of his namesake, the first Earl of Salisbury, Sir William Montague
was the captain of the castle of Roxborough besieged by the Scots in 1341,
when the Earl was in France. |
Sir JOHN COPLAND |
John Copland (or
Copeland), an esquire who captured King David of Scotland at the battle of
Neville's Cross (1346), was rewarded with a knighthood and a yearly pension
of 500 pounds. |
Artois |
Robert de
Beaumont-le-Roger (1287-1343) claimed the earldom of Artois, which had been
assigned to a collateral branch of the family at the death of his
grandfather, the second Earl. In 1334 he took refuge in England, and
obtained from Edward III the title of Earl of Richmond. He died of the
wounds received during the expedition he led in Brittany in 1342 in aid of
the Countess of Mountford (see n. on MOUNTFORD), but in the play he is made
to survive till after the battle of Poitiers, filling the role played in the
Crecy campaign by another rebellious Frenchman, Godefroy d'Harcourt, a
Norman baron deprived by the Valois of his dominions. |
MONTFORT |
Jean IV de
Montfort (1293-1345) in 1341 claimed the dukedom of Brittany (assigned to
Charles de Blois, nephew to the King of France) and paid homage for it to
the King of England. He was captured in the same year and ended his life as
a prisoner in the Louvre. Thanks to the heroic resistance of his wife,
Jeanne of Flanders, and to repeated English interventions, Brittany remained
in the hands of his descendants. In the play he is made to survive and is
restored to the dukedom. |
GOBIN DE GREY |
GOBIN
Gobin de Grace, a French commoner who reportedly revealed to the English the
tidal ford in the River Somme at Blanchetaque. |
JOHN, King of France |
KING JOHN Jean II Ie
ban de Valois (1319 84), Duke of Normandy till 1350, when he succeeded his
father Philip VI as King of France. In the first three acts of the play John
is attributed actions which occurred during the reign of Philip. |
CHARLES |
CHARLES
The firstborn of King John, Prince Charles (1337 -80) became Duke of
Normandy in 1350, and King of France, as Charles V, in 1364. |
PHILIP |
PHILIP Prince Philip
(1341-1404), fourth son of John II, was created Duke of Burgundy m 1363, and
became known as Philip the Bold. For the confusion with his homonymous
uncle, Philip Duke of Orleans |
LORRAIN |
LORRAINE The Duke of
Lorraine, Raoul (or Rudolph), a powerful ally of King Philip VI of France,
was killed in the battle of Crecy. |
VILLIERS |
VILLIERS A name
assigned by the playwright to an unnamed 'knight of Normandy' men-tioned by
Froissart. |
King of BOHEMIA |
BOHEMIA John the Blind
(1296-1346), Earl of Luxembourg, became King of Bohemia in 1311 when he
married Elizabeth, daughter of the previous King Venceslaus IV. He died at
Crecy. |
A POLISH CAPTAIN |
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A POOR INHABITANT |
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MARINER |
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CAPTAINS |
|
HERALDS |
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FRENCHMEN |
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ESQUIRES |
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DAVID King of Scotland. |
KING DAVID David II
(i3i8[?]-7i) succeeded his father Robert Bruce on the throne of Scotland in
1329, and in the same year married Joan, sister of Edward III. He was
defeated and captured in the battle of Neville's Cross (1346) and remained a
prisoner in London till he was ransomed in 1356. |
DOUGLAS |
DOUGLAS
Sir William Douglas, a valiant Scottish military commander who conquered
Edinburgh castle in 1340, but was taken prisoner with King David II at the
battle of Neville's Cross. |
MESSENGERS |
|
PHILIPPA, Edward's Queen |
QUEEN Philippa,
daughter of William Earl of Hainault, married Edward III m 1328. She gave
birth to seven sons and five daughters. |
Countess of SALISBURY |
COUNTESS The Earl of
Salisbury's wife was Catherine Grandisson, neither Alice as inFroissart, nor
the daughter of the Earl of Warwick, as in Bandello/Painter and m the play.
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FRENCH WOMAN |
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